| Manusmriti |
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| Scriptures |
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Manusmriti: The Laws of Manu |
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| 41.
But know this threefold course of transmigrations that depends on
the (three) qualities (to be again) threefold, low, middling, and
high, according to the particular nature of the acts and of the
knowledge (of each man). 42.
Immovable (beings), insects, both small and great, fishes, snakes,
and tortoises, cattle and wild animals, are the lowest conditions to
which (the quality of) Darkness leads. 43.
Elephants, horses, Sudras, and despicable barbarians, lions, tigers,
and boars (are) the middling states, caused by (the quality of)
Darkness. 44.
Karanas, Suparnas and hypocrites, Rakshasas and Pisakas (belong to)
the highest (rank of) conditions among those produced by Darkness. 45.
Ghallas, Mallas, Natas, men who subsist by despicable occupations
and those addicted to gambling and drinking (form) the lowest (order
of) conditions caused by Activity.
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