Major Sections
The Hindu Phenomenon

RETREAT AND RAGE

Notes And References

     

  1. Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1990, pp.112-14.

     

  2. Ibid., pp.10-11.

     

  3. David Pryce-Jones, The Closed Circle, Paladin, London, 1990.

     

  4. Mutazilites: Those who stand aloof; theologians belonging to the rationalist school, which introduced speculative dogmatism in Islam. Kharijites: Those who go out; members of a group of puritanical Muslim sects during Umayyad and Abbasid times.

     

  5. Ernest Gellner,Islam and Marxism: Some Comparisons International Affairs, Chatham House, 67, 1 (1991).

     

  6. Francis Robinson, Islam and Muslim Separatism in David Taylor and Malcolm Yapp (eds.), political Identity in South Asia, Curzon Press, London, 1979.

     

  7. The concept of individual inquiry and reasoning within Islamic theology, to be conducted only by those who have a religious education and are thus qualified.

     

  8. Yoused M. Choueiri, Islamic Fundamentalism, Printer Publishers, London, p.20.

     

  9. Ibid., p.21.

     

  10. Brian Beedgam, Turkey:Star of Islam, The Economist, London, 14-20 December 1991.

     

  11. Barry Buzan,New Patterns of Global Security in the 21st Century, in International Affairs, Chatham House, 67, No.3, 1991.

     

  12. William Lid,Defending Western Culture, Foreign Policy, No.84, New York (Fall issue), 1991.

     

  13. The period we are concerned with, that is, the post- Mughal era, however, witnessed powerful movements seeking, fairly successfully, to purge Indian Islam of much that was specifically Indian in it.
 

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About Retreat And Rage
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