Here stress is laid on family, health, age and riches of a man, along with
other qualities; whereas, in the former more stress is laid on character and learning.
Yajnavalkya adds another quality to be considered; the prospective bridegroom must be
'intelligent and popular'.39 Narada lays down further rules for the examination of the
bridegroom. We thus see the gradual change that was taking place in the outlook on
life. The whole mental vision seems to have changed from the beginning of the Christian
Era, for unusual stress on kulam is laid only by the later law givers.
Verses, though contradictory in sense, are to be found in Manu; his
view is explicitly in favour of getting the daughters married when a suitable husband is
available otherwise they should stay at their father's house rather than marry anyone who
is not worthy of them. 40. The lawgivers of later schools are definitely for
child-marriage. This resulted in the creation of certain names to denote a girl at
different ages.
'A girl when eight years old, is called a Gauri, at nine
a Rohini, at ten a Kanyaka and at 12 a Vrshali'. 41
Yama classified thus: 'At eight
a girl, is a Gauri, at nine, a Nagnika, at ten she is called a
Kanyaka and twelve she is known as a Vrshali.' So Yama and Samvarta agree as to the
age of the girl, though they differ in names. Marichi, a lawgiver who seems to have
flourished not long after Samvarta, has a statement in which he attributes virtue and
merit to the father who gives his daughters in marriage at the age stipulated by them. The
designations of girls of different ages agree with those of Yama, from which it can be
concluded that Marichi lived soon after Samvarta. He thus describes the fruit reaped by
the father by encouraging such marriages: -
'By giving away a Gauri (one attains) the highest place in heaven, by
giving a Rohini Vaikuntam, by giving a Kanya the region of Brahman, and by giving a
Rajasvata the hell called Rorava '. 42 Soon after the time of Manu and Yajna- valkya
religion and law was alike striving to bring into force child marriage. The highest merit
in heaven is thus set as a reward for a man who gives his daughter before she attains the
age of eight.