The path of
enlightenment therefore runs through stages in which the self gets more and more purified,
more and more truly freed from the longings that often seem to
disappear but hide themselves only to reappear in other forms. The mantras or verses of
the Upanishads may appear in some places to conflict with one another, but these
contradictions disappear when it is remembered that the whole is a process of teaching by
stages. All education was through oral teaching in
those days. The disciple lived in intimate companionship with the teacher and the
scripture was little more than an economic guide to the teacher was and not a textbook to
be kept in the students library was. To the teacher as well as to the pupil, it was
a help to memory, not a comprehensive treatise.
The system of education when the Upanishads were composed
was a highly evolved process but the medium was not, as now, the reading of books bought
at bookshops or taken out of libraries. This made a great difference as to the content of
books and what was left for oral guidance. |