He considers himself to be a child of the Kali Yuga,
the age of sin, and says distinctly 73
that on account of the unsatisfactory condition of society and
transgression of rules, no Rishis are born among, the Avaras [later
generations] and he refers repeatedly to the weakness and of the
Avaras and contrasts their deviations from moral laws with the
holiness of the ancient sages, who were able to commit various
forbidden acts without diminishing their spiritual Merit. 74
The Sutras of Apastamba are traditionally believed to
be later than those of Baudhayana and earlier than those of
Hiranyakesin. The similarity and identity of many of the Sutras, the
adherence of Apastamba to later doctrines, and his caveat in favour of
the older customs all support the above presumption.
Apastamba differs from Baudhayana in certain points
-
The substitutes for legitimate
sons.
-
Niyoga for widows.
-
The number of marriage rites.
Baudhayana as has been observed above allows eleven
kinds of substitutes for a legitimate son: this is due to the
excessive importance of a son for rendering funeral oblations, without
which the souls of the dead are sure to fall into the region of
torment hence to fulfill this need Baudhayana allows affiliation of
illegitimate sons, illegitimate sons of wives, the legitimate and
illegitimate offspring of daughters, the children of relations or even
of strangers who may be solemnly adopted or have been received as
members of the family without any ceremony or been acquired by
purchase and some of them are allowed to take the place and enjoy the
rights of legitimate sons. 75
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