Women In The Sacred Laws
Major Sections

THE DHARMA SUTRAS

He considers himself to be a child of the Kali Yuga, the age of sin, and says distinctly 73 that on account of the unsatisfactory condition of society and transgression of rules, no Rishis are born among, the Avaras [later generations] and he refers repeatedly to the weakness and of the Avaras and contrasts their deviations from moral laws with the holiness of the ancient sages, who were able to commit various forbidden acts without diminishing their spiritual Merit. 74

The Sutras of Apastamba are traditionally believed to be later than those of Baudhayana and earlier than those of Hiranyakesin. The similarity and identity of many of the Sutras, the adherence of Apastamba to later doctrines, and his caveat in favour of the older customs all support the above presumption.

Apastamba differs from Baudhayana in certain points 

  1. The substitutes for legitimate sons. 

  2. Niyoga for widows. 

  3. The number of marriage rites.

Baudhayana as has been observed above allows eleven kinds of substitutes for a legitimate son: this is due to the excessive importance of a son for rendering funeral oblations, without which the souls of the dead are sure to fall into the region of torment hence to fulfill this need Baudhayana allows affiliation of illegitimate sons, illegitimate sons of wives, the legitimate and illegitimate offspring of daughters, the children of relations or even of strangers who may be solemnly adopted or have been received as members of the family without any ceremony or been acquired by purchase and some of them are allowed to take the place and enjoy the rights of legitimate sons. 75  

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